JULY 2013: MONTHLY REPORT BY ARR MOBILE VETERINARY

Date	Location	Species	Concern	Photo	Notes	Drugs
1-7-13	Sanctuary Farm	Impala- Female	Snare		Spotted with a plain snare wire which was barely tight around   the neck. The snare loop was loosened and taken off the neck. There was no traumatic wound	Darted using 3mgs Etorphine and 30mgs Azaperone. Was revived using 12mgs Diprenorphine Hydrochloride
		Zebra-Female	Abscess		Seen limping heavily. Examination revealed abscess at the left fetlock joint laterally to deep digital flexor tendon. The abscess was surgically drained following aspiration which yielded pale yellowish discharge. A plus sign incision was made on it and expressed as much as possible	Was immobilized using 6mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Azaperone. Abscess was washed with hydrogen peroxide and Iodine. Penicillin cream was infiltrated into the space created and tetracycline spray applied topically.8mgs Dexamethasone together with 3000mg Penicillin were administered intramuscularly. It was revived using 24mgs Diprenorphine
	Delamere Shopping Complex	Marabou Stork	Embedded Arrow		Reported to have a lodged arrow at the tail base. It was caught manually as the arrow interfered with flying. It was carefully removed. The resultant penetrating wound was infected and full of creamy pus. It was  not immediately established who injured the bird or the motive of the action. Security personnel at the complex were instructed to be on look out and report suspicious characters and search veterinary cases	The wound was cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Tincture of Iodine. 1500mgs of penicillin was injected into thigh muscle. Tetracycline wound spray was applied topically on the wound
2-7-13	Lake Nakuru National Park	White Rhino-Female	Gunshot Wound		It had been treated of gunshot wounds sustained during faulted poaching attempt. It had remained recumbent for four days following treatment. The humerus had been hit by bullet head at surgical neck leading to dismembering of medial epicondyle, the capitulum and the trochlea. This disabled totally the humeroradial joint leading to immobility of the rhino. The fracture was due to gunshot following unsuccessful attempt.	It was euthanized because of the unmanageable fracture of humerus
	Flamingo Cottages-Kinja	Thompson’s Gazelle-Male	Compound Fracture		Reported lame on the right fore limb which had been fractured at mid humeral area. This caused swinging leg lameness. Examination revealed  compound fracture of the body of humerus indicating the animal had been hit hard. Several bone fragments had penetrated surrounding muscles. The fracture  reportedly was about one week old was not established who hit it  or the location of the incidence	Darted using 3mgs Etorphine and 15mgs Azaperone. It was euthanized using 40mgs Sodium Pentobarbitone intravenously
3-7-13	Finlay Flower Farm	Zebra-Male	Snare		Reported lame. It could hardly bare any weight on the right fore limb. Examination revealed an embedded thin rubber band around the fetlock joint. It had caused swinging leg lameness with a resultant traumatic wound. Rubber was severed using surgical blade and pulled out of the tissues. The administration was instructed to fence off their garbage area since these rubber bands are discarded together with waste flower cuttings	Immobilized using 6mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Azaperone. 12000mgs Tetracycline hydrochloride was injected intramuscularly. Wound was cleaned using Hydrogen Peroxide and iodine. It was sprayed with tetracycline wound spray and healing oil applied liberally. It was revived using 75mgs Naltrexone intravenously.
4-7-13	Sirocco farm	Zebra-Female	Compound Fracture		Reported severely lame. Found to have swinging leg lameness on the left hind limb. She had a compound fracture of the left hind thigh (Femur) suspected to have been caused by a vehicle.	She was darted using 6mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Azaperone. It was euthanized using 400mgs Sodium Pentobarbitone.
5-7-13	Lower KARI	Buffalo-Male	Snare		Was spotted limping which was caused by wedge wire snare around metacarpus of the right hind limb. It was tight but had not caused traumatic wound. It was loosened and taken off the limb	Darted using 12mgs Etorphine and 100mgs Xylazine. 18000mgs Tetracycline Hydrochloride was injected into the muscles. He was revived using 48mgs Diprenorphine and 10mgs Atipamezole.
		Buffalo-Female	Traumatic Wound		She was severely lame and emaciated. The granulating wound was around the right hind metacarpus area. It was suspected to have been caused by a snare which later fallen off leaving the injury	Immobilized using 12mgs Etorphine and 100mgs Xylazine. The wound was cleaned with water to take off the mud, then hydrogen peroxide followed by Iodine. It was sprayed liberally by tetracycline wound spray and healing oil applied topically to help keep the wound moist and water repellant. 15000mgs penicillin and 15mgs Dexamethasone was injected intramuscularly at different sites. She was revived using 150mgs Naltrexone and 10mgs Atipamezole
	Kongoni Game Valley	Warthog-Female	Hernia		Spotted with intestines popping out of belly just anterolateral of umbilicus. Examination revealed a tear of the skin and incarcellation of jejunum loop and ischemia. Intestinal contents were finding their way out through the same tear indicating peritonitis	Darted using 4mgs Etorphine and 5mgs Xylazine. Due to extent of the injury and necrosis of the intestinal loops coupled with resultant peritonitis it was euthanized using Sodium pentobarbitone.
	Manera Farm	Buffalo-Male	Postmortem		Found dead under acacia tree. Examination revealed that teeth were worn down to gum level. Tentative cause of death was old age syndrome
	Joan Root Residence	Hippopotamus-Female	Strayed into the fish pod		The sub-adult was found plunged into five feet deep fish pond and unable to get out. She was accompanied by her mother the previous night as spotted grazing near the pod. The owner was instructed to secure the pod using appropriate fence which can prevent animals from getting into the pod	The narrow end of the pod was brought down to pave way for the hippo to get out. It was directed to that end and crawled out. She walked to the nearby shores of Lake Naivasha depicting no injury nor lameness.
7-7-13	Community-Kigio Wildlife Conservancy	Zebra-Female	Snare		The plain snare wire had caused serious traumatic wound and got embedded 10cms deep at nuchal ligament area. It then dropped in between the hind limbs and entangled the right hind limb. At the jugular groove evident was a traumatic edema bilaterally. It was released at Kigio Conservancy after treatment	Darted using 6mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Xylazine. One dart faulted.  Traumatic wound was cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. 12000mgs Tetracycline Hydrochloride was injected intramuscularly. Tetracycline wound spray applied liberally followed by Healing oil. It was revived using 75mgs Naltrexone and 5mgs Atipamezole
	Langalanga-Gilgil	Zebra-Male	Overgrown hoof		Reported lame on the left hind limb. Examination revealed an overgrown hoof with toe extended anteriorly. It was suspected to have resulted from a traumatic snare wound healing. It was carefully trimmed and filed to the level of white line	Was darted using 6mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Azaperone. It was revived using 24mgs Diprenorphine Hydrochloride
	Marura-Gilgil	Zebra-Male	Snare		Spotted with a red groin. The three braided plain wires had traumatized the left groin posteriorly due to friction. The rest of the wire had gone round the neck and in front of the right fore limb. It was severed using wire cutter.	Immobilized using 6mgs Etorphine and 40mgs Xylazine. Wound was cleaned using Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. Healing oil was applied after tetracycline wound spray was topically applied. 18000mgs of Tetracycline Hydrochloride was injected intramuscularly. 20ml Pyrethroid was applied as acaricide. It was revived using 18mgs Diprenorphine and 5mgs Atipamezole
8-7-13	Lake Nakuru National Park	Black Rhino-Male	Gunshot/Postmortem		Was reportedly poached on 2/7/2013 but carcass was located on 7/7/2013. It was found on sternal recumbency and partly scavenged. Was decomposed full of maggots and foul smell. The two horns were precisely excised from their base.	Postmortem revealed a penetrating wound at the level of mid eighth rib on the right chest side. The rib was broken and the caudal lung lobe was penetrated by the projectile. The left hind limb had a compound fracture at metatarsal joint. Despite using metal detector no bullet head was recovered because decomposition made tracking difficult
9-7-13	Aquila Farm	Zebra-Female	Snare		Spotted limping due to a plain snare wire which was around the neck dropping down entangling the left hind limb at tibiofibular area causing traumatic wound due to friction while moving	Darted using 6mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Azaperone. Wound was cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. It was sprayed with Tetracycline wound spray and smeared with healing oil. 6000mgs Penicillin was injected into muscles. She was revived using 24mgs Diprenorphine.
		Zebra Foal-Female	Rescue		Spotted weak and severely emaciated. It was thought to have been abandoned by the dam or she could not be suckled. Only a stallion was keeping her company urging her to go when we approached.	She was taken to Veterinary clinic where she is under observation and medication.
	Kongoni Game Valley	Buffalo-Male	Fracture		Two loan bulls were seen fighting near watering hole. The fight was severe that one bull was left seriously lame. On observation it was found to have sustained a broken left femur. Unfortunately he dashed to the thick bushes before he could be euthanized due to pain. Search continues	He has proved to be very elusive and inhabits rough terrain area of Kongoni Game Valley. Also he is very aggressive on any foot darting attempt. Efforts will continue.
10-7-13	Sanctuary Farm	Wildebeest-Male	Snare		It had a plain snare wire around the neck dropping down entangling the tail. This acted as irritant making the animal unsettled. There was no traumatic wound. The snare was loosened at the neck and taken off. The tail switch was set free from the entanglement	Immobilized using 6mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Azaperone. He was revived using 18mgs Diprenorphine injected into jugular vein
	Kedong Ranch	Zebra-Male	Overgrown hoof		The left limb had been reported lame. This was caused by an overgrown hoof making ambulation difficult. It was trimmed down to white line level and filed smooth to prevent self- inflicted injury	Darted with 6mgs Etorphine and 40mgs Azaperone. One dart bounced. He was revived using 18mgs Diprenorphine Hydrochloride into jugular vein.
	KWSTI	Security Dog-Female	Lameness		The canine was reported to be under training. She was lame depicted by fixed/rigid pelvic girdle. She was unable to stand on her hind limbs. She depicted careful calculated moves when observed in trot, walk and running.	Degenerative Joint Disease and Hip  Dysplasia were considered. She was put on prednisolone tablets, multivitamin tablets and calcium tablets for two weeks after which review will be done. She was also put on limited exercises during training
11-7-13	Naivasha Mobile Vet Clinic	Zebra Foal-Female	Postmortem		Carried out postmortem on a female Zebra foal which had been rescued from Aquila Farm on 9/7/2013. Eyes were sunken and coronary fat depleted. Lungs vessels were highly congested and tissue hyperemic	Malnutrition coupled with pneumonia caused her death
	Lower KARI	Buffalo-Female	Snare		She had a wedge snare wire at metacarpus and was very tight causing severe lameness. The wire was severed using hack saw. Resultant traumatic wound was treated topically and systemically	Immobilized using 10mgs Etorphine and 180mgs Azaperone. The wound was cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. Tetracycline wound spray was applied and healing oil topically. 18000mgs of Tetracycline was injected intramuscularly. She was revived using 18mgs Diprenorphine
	Sanctuary Farm	Impala-Male	Snare		Reported with a plain snare wire around his belly. It had not caused traumatic wound. The snoop was loosened and taken off	Darted using a mixture of 3mgs Etorphine and 20mgs Azaperone. It was revived using 12mgs Diprenorphine
12-7-13	Lower KARI	Buffalo-Male	Snare		Spotted with a piece of plastic around the radioulnar area of the right hind limb. The plastic is used to make the snare wire anchor on the snared limb tightly. This then indicated a faulty snare. No traumatic wound was present	Darted using 12mgs Etorphine and 180mgs Azaperone. Plastic was severed with a panga and dislodged from the limb. It was revived using 48mgs Diprenorphine.
		Two Zebras-Females	Rescue		Were reported to have fallen into seven feet deep pit which had been abandoned after acting as waste pit. They were not injured. The administration was instructed to fill the pit with soil excavated from the nearby construction site	Each darted with 6mgs and 50mgs mixture of Etorphine and Azaperone respectively. Each was pulled out manually using sling around chest. Each was revived using 18mgs Diprenorphine Hydrochloride into jugular vein.
	KWSTI	Security Dog-Female	Tumorous swelling	Shaving the area around the swelling Sutures after 14 days	Had been reported to have a wound about 5cm in diameter on the right side of withers. It was ulcerated and depicted small raised areas on the surface upon examination. It was excised and interrupted non-absorbable sutures placed on incision	Was tranquilized using 18mgs Medetomidine intramuscularly and local infiltration of lignocaine/adrenaline 3cc around the swelling after surgical scrub and shaving. 750mgs Penicillin was injected intramuscularly and 450mgs infiltrated along the suture line. Tetracycline wound spray was applied topically. Elizabethan collar was put in place. 5mgs Atipamezole was injected intramuscularly after 20minutes since tranquilization so that the dog could get revived slowly and allow smooth recovery.
	Sanctuary Farm	Zebra-Male	Snare		Seen behaving hysterically due to a wedge snare wire around the neck dropping down and attached to a piece of metal which was used as an anchor. It had caused blood pooling on the head and anterior third of jugular due to its tightness making head appear enlarged.	Darted with 6mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Azaperone. The snare was quickly loosened and taken off the neck. He was revived using 18mgs Diprenorphine into jugular vein.
13-7-13	Olkaria 11 Road	Zebra-Male	Postmortem		Reported to have been found dead by the road side. It had no obvious signs of injury. Postmortem revealed a point of trauma at the chest on the right side.	Its death was suspected to have been caused by blunt object contusion probably inflicted by a hit and run vehicle.
	Sanctuary Farm	Impala-Male	Snare		Was spotted with a plain snare wire around its chest and dropping down like two meters. The snare was tight though it had not caused any traumatic wound. Its snoop was loosened and taken off	It was immobilized using 3mgs Etorphine and 0.8mg Medetomidine. He was revived using 12mgs Diprenorphine and 5mgs Atipamezole
	Crescent Island	Zebra-Male	Snare		Was seen with a snare wire around the neck. The snare was just tight. It was severed with wire cutter	Darted with a mixture of 6mgs Etorphine and 16mgs Medetomidine. He was revived using 75mgs Naltrexone and 5mgs Atipamezole.
16-7-13	La Pieve -Oserian	Zebra-Female	Snare		Reported by a pedestrian along the road. Was spotted with a wedge snare wire around the neck and apiece about six meters dropping down. The snoop was barely tight and no traumatic wound was present. It was loosened and taken off the neck	Immobilized using 6mgs Etorphine and 40mgs Medetomidine. It was revived using 24mgs Diprenorphine and 5mgs Atipamezole.
17-7-13	Annex-KWSTI	Waterbuck-Male	Penetrating Wound		Found dead. Postmortem revealed that it had a penetrating wound on the right side of the chest posterolateral to right elbow. It had caused trauma on the right lobe of the lung resulting to hemothorax which caused death	This wound was thought to have been due to fighting as a result to mating rights. Incidentally blackish lung lesions were observed on both lungs and were raised above normal lung tissues. Samples were taken for histopathology. Surveillance will be mounted to identify other similarly sick animals within the habitat
20-7-13	Flamingo Finlay Flower Farm	Waterbuck-Female	Lameness		The right hind limb hock joint was swollen believed to have been caused by sprain. Review will be done after a week and intervene accordingly
21-7-13	Kedong Ranch	Eland-Male	Arrow Wounds		It had two penetrating wounds one on the right scapular and the other on left hind limb rump. They were fresh. They were probed and were about ten meters deep.	Darted using 10mgs Etorphine and 180mgs Azaperone. Wounds were cleaned with hydrogen peroxide and iodine. 30000mgs Tetracycline was injected into muscles. It was revived using 75mgs Naltrexone intravenously
22-7-13	Sanctuary Farm	Zebra-Female	Snare		It had a long plain wire around the neck hanging down about four meters. It was tight making the animal an ease. No resultant snare wound was present	Was immobilized using 6mgs Etorphine and 50mgs Azaperone. It was revived using 24mgs Diprenorphine intravenously
		Zebra Foal-Female	Snare		Performed a postmortem which revealed that the foal had been strangulated by the plain snare wire which had been anchored on a post.
	Mundui Estates	Hippo-Female	Postmortem		Carried out a postmortem which led to belief that death was caused by fatal injuries on the head as a result of fight.
23-7-13	Annex-KWSTI	2 Impalas-Females	Postmortem		Had been spotted dead near a watering hole. They were emaciated and no diarrhea signs. Postmortem revealed pale mucus membranes and consistent blackish gray lesions on the lungs of various sizes. These lesions were raised above seemingly normal lung tissue.	Mediastinum, pharyngeal and mesenteric Lymph nodes and lung tissues were sampled for histopathology at University of Nairobi and ILRI.
	Lower KARI	Waterbuck-Female	Snare		Spotted with a plain copper wire around the neck and was strangulating. Same wire was thought to have caused traumatic wound on the left hind limb.	Darted using 7mgs Etorphine and 150mgs Azaperone. The snoop was loosened and taken off the neck. The wound was cleaned with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine. Wound spray was applied topically. It was revived using 24mgs Diprenorphine into jugular vein.
24-7-13	Annex-KWSTI	3 Impalas-two females, one Male	Sampling for scours		A male and a female were scouring and another female was very emaciated. It is only one herd depicting the signs.  A male and a female were euthanized for postmortem sampling. One scouring female was treated and tagged for post treatment monitoring. Whole blood, sera, Lung and lymph node tissues were taken for analysis at University of Nairobi, ILRI and KWS Vet Lab.	Each was darted using 3mgs Etorphine and 20mgs Azaperone. The female was injected with 5mgs Norodine IM and another administered SQ. 10CC multivitamin and 3mgs Ivermectin was administered SQ. Monitoring continues.
	KWSTI	Security Dog-Male	Lameness		Reported with hind limbs lameness which was hindering with training. Had been on medication for two weeks on what was suspected to be Degenerative Joint Disease or Hip dysplasia. No improvement was noted.	Was referred to University of Nairobi Small Animal Clinic for X-ray of hips and management advice.
25-7-13	KARI-Lanet	Two Hippos	Recce Exercise		Carried out recce exercise on possible capture and translocation of two hippos which are problematic and destroying experimental specimens at KARI and KEPHIS.	It was recommended that the exercise to be carried out when the area is dry so that they can be habituated to feed in capture boma where eventually they will be held for darting and translocation after.
26-7-13	Annex-KWSTI	Impala-Female	Postmortem		Reported dead. Animal was emaciated and internal lesions were consistent with others which had died at the same location. Lungs had blackish lesions raised above seemingly normal tissues.	Heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen were sampled for analysis.
	KWSTI	Security Dog-	Bloody Diarrhea		Was reported to have bloody diarrhea. The stool was not loose and depicted undigested blood indicating the source of blood was posterior to glandular stomach.	Treated for unspecific enteritis. Diseptoprim boluses for three days, dewormer and multivitamin injection were administered. Monitoring continues
	Lower KARI	Zebra-Female	Snare		Spotted with plain snare around the neck with four meters of the same hanging down. It was strangulating but no traumatic wound. It was loosened and taken off the neck.	Was immobilized using 6mgs Etorphine and 60mgs Azaperone. One dart was faulty. It was revived using 24mgs Diseptoprim into jugular vein.